<p>Parties that ratified the Paris Agreement must submit updated NDCs every five years to raise the level of ambition over time. Each Party's new NDC must be more ambitious than its previous one. Considerable efforts will be needed to overcome the gap between the ambition of the agreement and the emission reductions pledged by the Parties.</p>

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<p>All the SEMED countries – Morocco, Jordan, Egypt and Tunisia – are signatories of the Paris Agreement and have already had relevant experiences with various climate policy instruments, both under the UNFCCC and other market and non-market approaches. Below is a summary of their NDCs:</p>
